异宠动物病毒

Part 1 ：节肢门动物病毒

节肢动物门包括六足亚门（昆虫等）、甲壳亚门（虾、螃蟹等）、螯肢亚门（蜘蛛、蝎子等）、多足亚门（蜈蚣、马陆等）等动物，其特点为分节的肢体。越来越多的人选择节肢动物作为伴侣动物，包括不同种类的蜘蛛、蝎子、甚至蜈蚣，以及充当饲料的蟑螂、蟋蟀。有人会在自己的饲养盒内饲养一群蚂蚁，然而，饲养蚂蚁的大部分人均以失败告终，因为很少有卖家会把蚁后卖给你，工蚁在没有完整社会结构的环境中无法长期生存。还有人选择各种美丽的蟋蟀，中国人饲养蛐蛐是独特的传统文化，自唐代起始，中国就有了“斗蛐蛐”的历史记录。

Arthropoda includes animals such as Hexapoda (insects, etc.), Crustaceans (shrimp, crabs, etc.), Chelicerae (spiders, scorpions, etc.), and Polypoda (centipedes, millipede, etc.), which are characterized by segmented limbs. More and more people are choosing arthropods as companion animals, including different species of spiders, scorpions, and centipedes, as well as cockroaches and crickets for feed. Some people keep a colony of ants in their own breeding box. However, most people who keep ants fail because few sellers will sell you a queen ant, and worker ants cannot survive long in an environment without a complete social structure. Some people choose varieties of beautiful crickets. Raising crickets is a unique traditional custom in China. There have been records of cricket “fighting” in China since the Tang Dynasty.

节肢动物可携带和传播包括日本乙型脑炎病毒、寨卡病毒在内的多种虫媒病毒。虫媒病毒通过吸血的节肢动物叮咬脊椎动物，使脊椎动物发病，这些节肢动物自身却带毒不发病。目前，节肢动物携带和传播的人畜共患病毒至少包括4科：沙粒病毒科、布尼亚病毒科、黄病毒科和披膜病毒科。

Arthropods can carry and transmit a variety of arboviruses, including Japanese encephalitis virus and Zika virus. Arboviruses infect vertebrates through the bites of blood-sucking arthropods and cause disease in vertebrates, but the arthropods themselves are infected without disease. At present, zoonotic viruses carried and transmitted by arthropods include at least four families: Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Flaviridae, and Togaviridae.

黄病毒可通过吸血的节肢动物（蚊、蜱、白蛉等）传播，其中乙型脑炎病毒、寨卡病毒、克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒、西尼罗河病毒等严重威胁人类健康。日本乙型脑炎病毒（JEV），由库蚊作为主要媒介在人与动物之间循环传播，属于嗜神经性病毒，主要流行于东亚、南亚和环太平洋等地区，在温度较高、蚊虫较多的夏季和雨季常见。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）报告，全球每年约7万人感染病毒，大部分病例发生在儿童和青少年阶段，严重的患者会留下永久性的神经后遗症或神经损伤，例如癫痫以及记忆损伤等。 

Flavivirus can be transmitted by blood-sucking arthropods (mosquitoes, ticks, phlebotomus, etc.), and include Japanese encephalitis virus, Zika virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, West Nile virus and other serious threats to human health. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a neurotropic virus transmitted between humans and animals by Culex mosquitoes as the main vector. It is mainly prevalent in East Asia, South Asia and the Pacific Rim, and is common in summer and the rainy season, when the temperature is high and there are more mosquitoes. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 70,000 people around the world are infected with the virus every year. Most of the cases occur in children and adolescents, and serious infections will leave permanent neurological sequelae or neurological damage, such as epilepsy and memory damage.

寨卡病毒（ZIKV）由伊蚊作为主要媒介在人与动物之间循环传播，同样属于嗜神经性病毒。2015-2016年ZIKV在巴西爆发，由此世界卫生组织宣布ZIKV为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件。ZIKV感染人的症状括发烧，关节痛和头痛皮疹，大部分人感染后为轻症。ZIKV从母亲传播到儿童有可能引起大脑和眼睛发育异常，大脑发育异常可引起先天性小头畸形，眼睛发育异常可引起视网膜瘢痕。 

Zika virus (ZIKV) is transmitted between humans and animals by the Aedes mosquito as the main vector, and belongs to the neurotropic virus family. The World Health Organization declared ZIKV a public health emergency of international concern after an outbreak in Brazil in 2015-2016. Symptoms in people infected with ZIKV include fever, joint pain, headache, and a rash. Most people who are infected have mild symptoms. Transmission of ZIKV from pregnant mother to unborn child, however can cause abnormalities in the development of the brain and eyes. Abnormalities in brain development can cause congenital microcephaly, and abnormalities in eye development can cause scarring of the retina.

克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒（CCHFV）由蜱虫作为主要媒介在人间传播，主要流行于中东地区，在我国该病毒感染引起的疾病称为新疆出血热，呈现明显的季节性和区域性，常发生在春季和夏季。该疾病起病急骤，潜伏期为 2~10天，在病程中有明显出血现象和（或）低血压休克等。

Crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is mainly transmitted by ticks in humans, and is mainly prevalent in the Middle East. In China, the disease caused by the virus is called Xinjiang hemorrhagic fever. It usually occurs in spring and summer. The incubation period of the disease is 2 to 10 days, and onset of the disease is rapid, with obvious bleeding and/or hypotensive shock.

很少有人会把蚊子或蜱当作伴侣动物，从这个角度来讲，当前节肢类异宠的饲养相对安全，当然其所携带病毒对人体是否造成危害还不清楚。在挑选节肢动物作为宠物时，需要主要尽量挑选状态活跃的个体，同时要注意外观的完整性，有的个体感染微生物后会对外骨骼外观有一定破坏。此外，在选择节肢动物时一定要注意辨别是否为入侵物种，是否会对当地生态环境造成破坏，比如饲养蟑螂是否会造成大量繁殖从而破坏环境。同时要杜绝在野外捕捉野生种群，可能影响生态平衡，而野生种群很可能携带病毒。

Few people would consider mosquitoes or ticks as companion animals; otherwise, arthropods are relatively safe to breed at the moment, although it is unclear whether the viruses they carry are harmful to humans. When selecting arthropods as pets, it is necessary to select active individuals as far as possible, and pay attention to the integrity of the appearance. Some individuals infected with microorganisms will have damage to the appearance of the external skeleton. In addition, the devotee of arthropods must be careful to identify whether they are invasive species and will cause damage to the local ecological environment. Breeding cockroaches, for example, can be a problem. At the same time, we should avoid catching wild populations in the wild, both because it might affect the ecological balance, and because wild populations are likely to carry viruses.

Part 2 ：爬行纲动物病毒

爬行纲（Reptiles）动物由石炭纪末期的古代两栖类进化而来，心脏有两心房一心室，心室有不完全隔膜，体温不恒定，是适应陆栖生活的变温脊椎动物。爬行类与鸟类、哺乳类共称为羊膜动物。目前常见的爬行动物包括龟鳖目、蜥蜴目、鳄目、蛇目等六大目。爬行动物多处于生态系统营养级的中间层，是生态系统物质循环和能量流动过程中的重要环节。其种群数量和生活状况往往能反映生态系统生物量丰度和食物链状况，是评价生态系统现状的重要依据。

Reptiles evolved from ancient amphibians at the end of the Carboniferous period. Of the genus reptiles, having a two-atrial and one-ventricle heart with incomplete septa and immutable body temperature, reptiles are adapted to terrestrial life. Reptiles, birds and mammals are called amniotes. At present, the common reptiles include tortoises, lizards, crocodiles, snakes, and six other orders. Reptiles are mainly located in the middle layers of the nutrient level of the ecosystem, and are an important link in the process of material circulation and energy flow in the ecosystem. The abundance of biomass and the status of the food chain of an ecosystem can be reflected in the population quantity and living conditions, an important basis for evaluating the status of the ecosystem.

随着人类对自然世界探索的深入及病毒检测技术的发展，爬行动所携带的物病毒逐渐被人们发现，爬行动物病毒学也慢慢成为一个独立的新兴的邻域。长期以来并没有观察到一种病毒可以跨越物种屏障从爬行动物向哺乳动物或鸟类直接传播，所以早期对于爬行动物病毒的研究主要集中在虫媒病毒，这些病毒可以通过节肢动物媒介感染人类以及其他哺乳动物和鸟类，如黄病毒、疱疹病毒、套式病毒。上世纪末，美国人工养殖的短吻鳄感染西尼罗河病毒，并观察到较为严重的临床症状（多器官坏死、嗜异性肉芽肿和嗜异性血管炎），RT-PCR检测（核酸检测）这些短吻鳄组织中西尼罗河病毒呈阳性，这些短吻鳄生前主要食用被西尼罗河病毒感染的马肉。这是人类首次发现西尼罗河病毒突破了种间屏障，不通过传播媒介直接在哺乳动物和爬行动物之间传播，自此，爬行动物携带病毒成为人兽共患病研究者们关注的方向。

With the deepening of human exploration of the natural world and the development of virus detection technology, viruses carried by crawling creatures have been discovered gradually, and reptile virology has gradually become an independent and emerging area. For a long time, no virus was observed to cross the species barrier from reptiles to mammals or birds directly, so early studies on reptile viruses focused on arboviruses that can infect humans and other mammals and birds via arthropod vectors, such as flaviviruses, herpes viruses, and nidoviruses. At the end of last century, however, farmed alligators in the United States were infected with West Nile virus, and relatively severe clinical symptoms (multi-organ necrosis, heterotropic granuloma, and heterotropic vasculitis) were observed. RT-PCR (nucleic acid detection) detected that the tissue of these alligators was positive for West Nile virus. These alligators had eaten horse meat infected with West Nile virus. This was the first time that West Nile virus had been found to break through the interspecific barrier and spread directly between mammals and reptiles without a vector. Since then, reptilian viruses have become a focus of zoonoses researchers.

西尼罗病毒（WNV）可通过蚊子（包括库蚊和伊蚊）在鸟类、马、人类及鳄鱼之间传播，也可在鸟类之间通过直接接触传播，在人类之间通过血液传播。西尼罗病毒主要流行于非洲，中东，北美等地区，部分亚洲国家也有监测到病毒。

West Nile virus (WNV) can be transmitted by mosquitoes, including Culex and Aedes, between birds, horses, humans, and crocodiles, between birds by direct contact, and between humans by blood. West Nile virus is mainly prevalent in Africa, the Middle East, North America and other regions, although some Asian countries have also detected the virus.

感染爬行动物的疱疹病毒目前已经在包括蛇类、蜥蜴及不同种类的龟在内的多种爬行动物体内检测到疱疹病毒的感染，可引起严重的临床症状，包括结膜炎、肝脏损伤、口炎及生殖道炎症，可通过垂直及接触等多种方式进行传播。目前，已经鉴定的爬行动物疱疹病毒主要包括海龟疱疹病毒5型（ChHV5）和6型（ChHV6）、龟疱疹病毒3型（TeHV-3），在红海龟中检测到的红海龟生殖呼吸道疱疹病毒（LGRV），以及近几年在淡水龟中检测到的新型龟疱疹病毒，如拟龟疱疹病毒1型（EBHV-1）。

Herpesvirus infection in reptiles has been detected in a variety of reptiles, including snakes, lizards and various species of turtles. Herpesvirus infection can cause serious clinical symptoms, including conjunctivitis, liver damage, stomatitis and genital tract inflammation. It can be transmitted vertically and by contact. Currently, the main reptile herpes viruses that have been identified include turtle herpes virus type 5 (ChHV5) and 6 (ChHV6), turtle herpes virus type 3 (TeHV-3), loggerhead reproductive respiratory herpes virus (LGRV), detected in loggerhead turtles, and a novel turtle herpes virus detected in freshwater turtles in recent years, herpesvirus type 1 (EBHV-1).

套式病毒目是一大类有囊膜的单股正链RNA病毒，包括对人类威胁较大的新冠病毒（SARS-CoV-2）、对猪威胁较大的繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）、对鸟类威胁较大的传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）。近年来，随着越来越多套式病毒突破种间屏障在人群中传播，该类病毒也越来越受到关注。2014年感染爬行动物的套式病毒首次被发现并报道，这是一例人工饲养球蟒感染球蟒套式病毒（BPNV）引起的呼吸系统疾病，全球多种蟒科物种中也发现了套式病毒，如绿树蟒套式病毒（MVNV）；此外，在蜥蜴和海龟群体中也发现了套式病毒感染的病例。套式病毒大多表现出呼吸系统疾病，口鼻粘性分泌物增多，张嘴呼吸，进而脱水、食欲下降，表皮脱落。套式病毒在爬行动物中的传播可能存在多种途径。

Nidoviruses are a large class of single-stranded plus strand RNA viruses with capsular membranes, and include severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), which pose a great threat to humans. In recent years, this type of virus has received increasing attention, as more and more viruses break through the interspecific barrier and spread in the human population. In 2014, the nidovirus was first discovered and reported to infect reptiles. This was a case of respiratory disease caused by infection by ball python nidovirus (BPNV) in captivity. Nidoviruses, such as Morelia viridis nidovirus (MVNV) have been found in many species of python family worldwide. In addition, cases of nesting virus infection have been found in lizard and turtle populations. Most cases of mantle virus show respiratory diseases, such as increased sticky secretions from the mouth and nose, open mouth breathing, dehydration, loss of appetite, and epidermis shedding. There are several possible routes of transmission of nidovirus in reptiles.

“爬宠”已然成为时下的流行宠物，在B站上搜索“养蛇攻略”，可以看到近千条视频。爬行动物可谓是非法引进和生物入侵的主要来源，因此，在爬宠的选取上，更要保持谨慎、擦亮双眼。目前，全球统计出超过500种的爬行动物被用作“异宠”交易，其中涉及大量濒危和受保护物种。

“Climbing pets” have become popular nowadays. If you search “snake raising guide” on Bilibili website, you can see nearly 1,000 videos. Reptiles are a major source of illegal introductions and biological invasions, however, so it is important to be careful in the choice of pets. Currently, more than 500 reptile species have been counted as being used in the “Eccentric pets ” trade, including a large number of endangered and protected species.

Part 3 ：其他异宠动物病毒

3. 1.羊驼（Alpacas）

羊驼为偶蹄目、骆驼科动物，一般栖息于海拔4000米的高原。羊驼长着杏眼和长腿，性情温和、聪明、有人情味。除野生种群外，还有相当数量的人工繁育种群，世界现有约300万只左右。尽管名字叫羊驼，并不是羊和骆驼的结合体，而是原驼和小羊驼杂交之后产生的后代。与小绵羊相比，羊驼与骆驼的亲缘关系反而更近一些，难怪羊驼的脾气不像大家以为的那么好。如果感觉到自身安全受到威胁，很可能下一秒就会启动一次热气腾腾的口水浴了，那种酸臭味道可令人终身难忘。如果羊驼感染了病毒，很有可能通过唾液传递到人类身上。2013年就出现了一篇报告，说的是美国的佐治亚州有一只非常呆萌可爱的羊驼，感染上了狂犬病毒。此外，都知道这个狂犬病毒是很容易通过唾液来传播的，所以我们在和羊驼接触的时候，不要过度的靠近，激怒了它们会被吐口水的（3米远）。羊驼还能感染口蹄疫病毒（FMDV），通过空气、唾液、乳汁、粪便等分泌物和排泄物，以及被污染的饲料等被病毒污染的物品进行传播，且传播速度快，这是一种人兽共患病毒。

Alpacas are artiodactyla, members of the camel family, generally living at an altitude of 4000 meters, with almond eyes and long legs, alpacas are gentle, intelligent and humane. In addition to the wild population, there are a considerable number in the artificial breeding population, with about 3 million total in the world. The alpaca is not a cross between a sheep and a camel, but the offspring of a crossbred camel and a vicuna. The alpaca is more closely related to the camel than the sheep, so it’s no wonder the alpaca isn’t as good tempered as everyone thinks. In fact, an alpaca who feels threatened is likely to spit, and the sour smell can be unforgettable. If an alpaca is infected with a virus, it is can be transmitted to humans through saliva. In 2013, there was a report of a very cute alpaca in Georgia in the United States that was infected with the rabies virus. It is known that the rabies virus is easily transmitted through saliva, so we should not get too close to alpacas but rather stay 3 meters away, which is out of spitting range. Alpacas can also be infected with the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), which is a zoonotic virus that spreads rapidly through secretions and excretions such as air, saliva, milk, and feces, as well as contaminated items such as feed.

3. 2. 雪貂（Ferrets）

雪貂是食肉目、鼬科、鼬属动物，其身形细长、腿脚短小，头形扁平、呈三角形。毛色呈野生色或白化色。白貂体形雪白、尾巴较蓬松、尾尖为黑色。野生雪貂的栖息地是靠近水源的森林和半林地。喜欢栖息在海拔800-1600米的针叶阔叶混交林和亚寒带针叶林中。野生雪貂参照国家一级重点保护动物保护管理。据报道，雪貂易感流感病毒与新冠病毒等多种病毒，还是流感等病毒的主要动物模型之一，在购买前需要严格检疫，选择合法饲养的人工繁育种群。

Ferrets are carnivorous members of the weasel family, with a slender body, black or white in color, short legs, and a triangular flat head. The white Sable has a white body, with a fluffy tail and a black tip. Wild ferrets are found in forests and semi-wooded areas near water sources. They like to live in mixed coniferous broad-leaved forests and subfrigid coniferous forests at an altitude of 800-1600 meters. Wild ferrets are subject to protection and management, under special state protection. According to reports, ferrets are susceptible to various viruses, such as influenza virus and coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, and they are also one of the main animal models of the influenza virus and et al. Ferrets need to be strictly quarantined before sale, and pet owners should choose from artificially bred populations raised legally.  

3. 3. 啮齿类动物（Rodents）

在啮齿类动物中，仓鼠、花枝鼠、松鼠及龙猫是人们喜爱的伴侣动物，啮齿类动物的繁殖力一般较强，比如黑线仓鼠每年可产3～5胎，孕期19～21天，每胎1～10仔，平均4.6仔，幼仔2～3个月龄时即达到性成熟。在啮齿目中，很多种类的母鼠每年可繁殖两窝以上，并且哺乳期间即可交配怀孕，有的鼠类每年可繁殖10窝以上。这种繁殖力较强的鼠类，容易形成较高的种群密度，给人类的生活和健康带来较大的影响。啮齿类动物可携带和传播多种病原，是多种自然疫源性疾病的贮存宿主，如汉坦病毒、森林脑炎病毒、鼠疫杆菌、以及钩端螺旋体等病原的传播都与鼠类有关。

Among rodents, hamsters, fancy rats, squirrels and chinchillas are people’s favorite companion animals. Rodents generally reproduce rapidly. For example, black-line hamsters can give birth to 3 ~ 5 litters per year, 19 ~ 21 days of gestation, 1 ~ 10 pups per litter, with an average of 4.6 pups, and the pups reach sexual maturity at 2 ~ 3 months. In the order Rothenia, many species of female mice can breed more than two litters per year, and they can get pregnant during breastfeeding. Some species can breed more than 10 litters per year. These rodents quickly produce a high population density, which may strongly influence to human life and health. Rodents can carry and transmit a variety of pathogens, and are the latent host of a variety of natural epidemic diseases, such as Hantavirus, forest encephalitis virus, yersinia pestis, leptospirosis, and other pathogens.

3. 4. 美西螈（Axolotl）

 “美西螈完全是物种保护过程中的一个矛盾体，”英国肯特大学的生态学家Richard Griffiths表示，“因为它可能是世界上宠物商店和实验室中分布最广泛的两栖动物，却在自然环境中几乎灭绝。”在泰国曼谷的恰图恰周末市场和普吉岛、芭提雅这些海滨城市，能看见有人在售卖装在氧气袋中的可爱美西螈。蝾螈携带大量病毒与细菌。

“The axolotl is a complete paradox of conservation,” says Richard Griffiths, an ecologist at the University of Kent in the UK, “because it is probably the most widely distributed amphibian in pet shops and laboratories in the world, yet it is virtually extinct in its natural environment.” Cute axelfish in oxygen bags can be found for sale at Bangkok’s Chatuchal weekend market and in coastal cities like Phuket and Pattaya. Axolotls carry a large number of viruses and bacteria.

Part 4 ：外来物种与野生动物病毒

近期在多地出现的“怪鱼”鳄雀鳝，为大型凶猛鱼类，属于外来入侵物种，危害性极强，引发了公众对饲养异宠背后风险隐患的关注和重视。2023年中央一号文件发布，首次将“异宠”写入文件。文件提出，严厉打击非法引入外来物种行为，实施重大危害入侵物种防控攻坚行动，加强“异宠”交易与放生规范管理。

Recently, the strange alligator gar, a large and fierce fish, has appeared in many places. It is an invasive alien species and extremely harmful, which has aroused the public’s concern and attention to the hidden dangers behind the breeding of different pets. In 2023, the central No. 1 document will be released, the first time exotic favorites will be included in the document. According to the document, illegal introduction of exotic species will be severely cracked down on, major invasive species, and the trading and release of exotic pets will be regulated.

“异宠”从哪来？近年来，这些不同于常规宠物的“异宠”通过非贸渠道进入大众视野，部分人开始饲养外形奇特、大众罕见的“怪异动植物”。既有市场，便有交易。据统计，全球野生动物每年的贸易额达300亿—428亿美元，涉及数十亿野生动物。最近，在入境邮件中发现了体长168毫米和104毫米的活巨型昆虫。经鉴定，该昆虫为巴拉望巨扁。海关还在一票进境邮件内查获试管70支，每支试管内均装有活体蚂蚁1只。根据《中华人民共和国禁止携带、寄递进境的动植物及其产品和其他检疫物名录》，活动物除了犬、猫之外，其他动物均需经过国家有关行政主管部门审批许可，并具有输出国家或地区官方机构出具的检疫证书。这些“异宠”可能自身带有病毒，甚至有剧毒，比如巨人蜈蚣、箭毒蛙，给人类健康造成威胁；同时，作为外来物种的它们，一旦传入境内，还可能对我国的生态平衡、生物多样性、农业生产等造成不可预估的破坏，甚至会导致本土生物种群急剧下降。我国海关每年都会通过快递、货运等渠道截获大量走私“异宠”，宠物应从正规渠道购入、科学养殖，以防给自身健康和我国的生物安全带来隐患。

What is an “exotic favorite”? In recent years, these “different pets,” which are different from conventional pets, have entered the public view through non-trade channels, and some people have begun to raise animals and plants with strange appearance and rarely seen by the public. Where there is a market, there is a transaction. According to statistics, the annual trade volume of global wildlife is 30 to 42.8 billion US dollars, involving billions of wild animals. Recently, live giant insects with body length 168 mm and 104 mm were found in pieces of inbound mail.The insect was identified as Palawan Macrophyte. Customs also found 70 test tubes, each containing a live ant, in another piece of incoming mail. According to the List of Animals, Plants, Their Products and Other Quarantine Objects that are prohibited to be carried, sent or delivered into the People’s Republic of China, all live animals, except dogs and cats, must pass the examination and approval of the relevant state administrative departments and have a quarantine certificate issued by the official organization of the exporting country or region. These “exotic pets” may carry their own viruses, and may even be highly toxic, such as the giant centipede or the poison dart frog, posing a threat to human health. At the same time, they, as alien species, once introduced into China, may cause unpredictable damage to the ecological balance, biodiversity, and agricultural production, and even lead to a sharp decline of native biological populations. Every year, Chinese customs intercept a large number of smuggled “pets” through express, freight and other channels. Pets should be purchased from regular channels and raised scientifically to prevent potential risks to their own health and biosafety.

随着国内异宠市场的多样化趋势，以及动物繁殖技术的进步，越来越多的人会选择异宠作为伴侣动物，这不仅满足了情感上的陪伴，还满足了一部分人尤其是一些年轻人的猎奇心理。近些年来，水貂、浣熊、蜜袋鼯等新型异宠，正在闯入年轻人的生活。其中，水貂拥有可爱的外表却有着凶猛的内心，作为野生动物几乎不可以被驯化，到目前为止也只是完成圈养繁殖。更可怕的是，与水貂相关的新冠病毒已传播回人类，并造成社区传播。在选择饲养异宠前，应该做好充分的准备，包括法律法规、生态平衡，生态入侵相关知识、病毒学知识、该物种的人工繁殖情况以及该种动物的生活习性。在饲养前应充分了解该种动物是否会对环境和人类健康造成较大危害，会不会出现不受控制的繁殖行为，是否经过严格的检疫，尤其需要认真学习物种鉴别，判断是否属于濒危物种或野生种群，卖方是否具有合法的饲养资质，这不仅是对野生动物种群的保护，更是对我们人类健康的保护。

With the diversification of the domestic heteropet market and the progress of animal breeding technology, more and more people will choose heteropets as companion animals. They not only satisfy the need for emotional companionship, but also satisfy people’s curiosity, especially for young people. In recent years, new breeds of different pets, such as minks, raccoons, and sugar gliders, have been invading the lives of young people. Among them, the mink has a lovely appearance but a fierce heart. As a wild animal, it can hardly be domesticated. So far, it has only been bred in captivity. Even scarier, mink-related COVID-19 has jumped back into humans and caused community transmission. Before choosing to breed heteropets, a thorough preparation should be made, including understanding of the laws and regulations, the ecological balance, knowledge of ecological invasion, virology, captive breeding of the species, and the living habits of the animal. Before breeding, it is necessary to fully understand whether the animal will cause great harm to the environment and human health, whether there will be uncontrolled breeding, and whether the animal has passed strict quarantine. In particular, it is necessary to carefully learn species identification, to judge whether the animal belongs to an endangered species or a wild population, and to ascertain whether the seller has legal breeding qualifications. This is not only for the protection of the wild animal population, but also to protect our human health.

总编辑：牛立辰

文本：田文骏，潘伯阳，王晓佳

翻译：王晓佳

导演及编辑：杨雨桐

解说：杨雨桐